丛枝菌根对油桐幼苗生长和氮磷吸收的影响

通过非灭菌土盆栽接种试验,观察了Glomus mosseae(GM)、G.intraradices(GI)、G.aggregatum(GA)和G.atunicatum(GE)4种AM真菌对油桐幼苗生长和氮磷吸收的影响,结果表明接种GM、GI和GE后菌根侵染率显著提高,侵染率分别为77.4%、92.3%和96.7%,比对照分别提高20.4%、43.5%、50.4%。接种GA与对照无显著差异;接种GM和GI后植株的干质量增加,而接种GA和GE对全株及各器官干质量影响不明显;接种4种真菌对油桐幼苗的氮素营养影响不大;接种GM、GI和GE显著提高了根部磷含量。综合考虑,接种GM效果最好。     

猕猴桃对硒的吸收、分布、积累特性的研究

大田条件下,给中华猕猴桃施以浓度分别为0．15、0．3、0．5mg／培的Na：SeO,溶液,在盛花期每30d测定果实和叶对硒的积累情况;果实成熟期测定猕猴桃各部位含硒量以及鲜重、可溶性糖含量、可溶固形物和Vc含量;结果显示：施硒后,猕猴桃各部分含硒量显著升高,并且硒在猕猴桃中累计顺序为根〉叶〉花〉果实。果实鲜重、可溶性糖含量、可溶固形物和％含量随着硒浓度的增大而升高,然而在高浓度的硒（≥0．5rag／kg）水平下,受到不同程度的抑制。施硒显著提高了猕猴桃对硒的吸收、分布、积累和改善了果实的品质。     

Use of the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the study of the partitioning of Cd, Pb and Zn in various soil samples

A slightly modified three-step sequential extraction procedure proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) for analysis of sediments was successfully applied to soil samples. Contaminated soil samples from the lead and zinc mining area in the Mezica valley (Slovenia) and natural soils from a non-industrial area were analysed. The total concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn and their concentrations in fractions after extraction were determined by flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS, ETAAS). Total metal concentrations in natural soils ranged from 0.3 to 2.6 mg kg^-1 for Cd, from 20 to 45 mg kg^-1 for Pb and from 70 to 140 mg kg^-1 for Zn, while these concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 35 mg kg^-1 for Cd, from 200 to 10000 mg kg^-1 for Pb and from 140 to 1500 mg kg^-1 for Zn in soils from contaminated areas. The results of the partitioning study applying the slightly modified BCR three-step extraction procedure indicate that Cd, Pb and Zn in natural soils prevails mostly in sparingly soluble fractions. Cd in natural soils is bound mainly to Fe and Mn oxides and hydroxides, Pb to organic matter, sulphides and silicates, while Zn is predominantly bound to silicates. In contaminated soils, Cd, Pb and Zn are distributed between the easily and sparingly soluble fractions. Due to the high total Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in contaminated soil close to the smelter, ! and their high proportions in the easily soluble fraction (80% of Cd, 50% of Pb and 70% of Zn), the soil around smelters represents an environmental hazard.     

施硒对茄子吸收转化硒和品质的影响

盆栽试验结果表明,土壤施硒(0.15、0.60、3.00mg/kg)条件下,茄子的含硒量随施硒量的增加而显著增加。当施硒量为0.60和3.00mg/kg时,茄子无机硒转化成有机硒的比率下降,显著提高了茄子粗蛋白、粗脂肪和还原糖含量,增加了茄子的必需氨基酸总量,改善了茄子的品质。土壤施硒显著增加了茄子蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和丝氨酸的含量,但谷氨酸和脯氨酸的含量显著降低。     

返回式卫星搭载后玉米叶绿体色素变化的研究

本文报道了利用返回式卫星搭载处理与地面对照玉米在不同取材时期叶片丙酮提取液的吸收光谱和叶绿体色素含量的变化 ,发现二者的光吸收特性基本相同 ,但吸光度与光吸收带出现某些差异。卫星搭载后 ,单位叶重的叶绿体色素总量和叶绿素a+b含量趋于降低 ,其中以叶绿素b含量降低最甚 ,导致Ca Cb值增高     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定硼的方法研究

采用 Sr-Ni-Al-Mg 混合液为基体改进剂,研究了塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定硼的方法.试验表明,使用本混合基体改进剂,抗干扰能力强,大大挺高硼的吸收信号,线性范围较宽(0.2～10μg/mLB),并且在线性范围内彻底消除了硼的记忆效应.方法的特征量为100pg/0.0044A·S.     

增硝营养对水稻不同生育时期生长及氮素吸收同化的影响

The effect of nitrate （NO3^-） on rice （Oryza sativa L.） growth as well as N absorption and assimilation during different growth stages was examined using three typical rice cultivars. Dry weight, yield, N uptake, nitrate reductase activity （NRA） in leaves, and glutamine synthetase activity （GSA） in roots and leaves during their entire growth periods, as well as the kinetic parameters of ammonium （NH4^＋） uptake at the seedling stage, were measured with solution culture experiments. Results indicated that addition of NH4^＋-N and NO3^-N at a ratio of 75：25 （NH4^＋＋NO3^- treatment） when compared with that of NH4^＋-N alone （NH4^＋ treatment） increased the dry weight of ‘Nanguang＇ cultivar by 30% and ‘Yunjing 38＇ cultivar by 31%, and also increased their grain yield by 21% and 17%, respectively. For the four growth stages, the total N accumulation in plants increased by an average of 36% for ‘Nanguang＇ and 31% for ‘Yunjing 38＇, whereas the increasing effect of NO3^- in the ‘4007＇ cultivar was only found at the seedling stage, in the NH4^＋＋NO3^- treatment compared to the NH4^＋ treatment, NRA in the leaves increased by 2.09 folds, and GSA increased by 92% in the roots and 52% in the leaves of the three cultivars. NO3^- supply increased the maximum uptake rate （Vmax） in the ‘Nanguang＇ and ‘Yunjing 38＇ cultivars, reflecting that the NO3^- itself, not the increasing N concentration, increased the uptake rate of NH4^＋ by rice. There was no effect on the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant （Kin） of the three cultivars. Thus, some replacement of NH4^＋ with NO3^-could greatly improve the growth of rice plants, mainly on account of the increased uptake of NH4^＋ promoted by NO3^-, and future studies should focus on the molecular mechanism of the increased uptake of NH4^＋ by NO3^-.     

氮肥用量对油菜//蚕豆间作系统作物产量及养分吸收的影响

油菜间作蚕豆方式中的养分吸收利用特征少见报道,本研究通过田间小区试验探讨了不同施氮水平下间作对作物产量及氮、钾养分吸收利用的影响。通过研究表明,油菜间作蚕豆具有显著的间作产量优势,间作方式中油菜的竞争能力强于蚕豆。间作平均提高油菜产量15.6%～44.5%,提高蚕豆产量12.1%～26%。不同施氮条件下,间作土地当量比（LER）=1.14～1.67,N112.5条件下LER最大,N225条件下,作物产量最高。间作提高了油菜地上部氮吸收量,其中间作第一行间作第三行单作,在农民习惯施肥水平（N337.5）条件下间作养分吸收优势消失。随着氮肥施用量的增加,单、间作油菜氮吸收量随之增加。间作油菜子粒氮吸收量、钾吸收量在推荐施氮（N225）条件下达到最大值。不同施氮条件下,单、间作油菜地上部钾吸收量没有差异。间作促进氮素营养由营养器官向生殖器官转移,但对钾素营养的分配没有影响。     

农业院校非英语专业学生口语僵化的激活实验研究

非英语专业大学生英语口语中的语言僵化是一个普遍现象。本文通过教学实践和调查具体分析了大学生口语僵化的原因，从而制定出了口语激活策略，从教学理念、教学方法和考试模式三个方面进行改革。通过一年的教学实践，学生在口语表达时的流利程度、语法词汇的正确使用和交际能力方面都有了显著的提高，而且综合英语能力也有很大提高。实验结果证明，非英语专业大学生的口语僵化是可以被激活的。